Secular change in running performance of Japanese adolescents: A longitudinal developmental study

Author(s):  
Tetsuji Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiharu Yamamoto ◽  
Mitsumasa Miyashita ◽  
Yoshiteru Mutoh
1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Crystal ◽  
Hirozumi Watanabe ◽  
Rusan Chen

This study examined reactions to physical disability among 5th and 11th graders in the United States and Japan. Students were presented with a drawing of four children standing next to a child in a wheelchair, and told that this group was going swimming. Students were asked to describe and explain their feelings, first, as the disabled person, and then as a nondisabled group member. Although cultural differences in specific response categories were found in both hypothetical roles, on the whole, Japanese and American children appeared to be more similar than different in their reactions to physical disability. Patterns of developmental differences, however, varied by culture. Japanese adolescents were more likely than their younger peers to worry about imposing on others in the disabled role, whereas Japanese 5th graders were more likely than 11th graders to make empathic responses in the interactant role. In addition, there was a tendency for more American 11th than 5th graders to express embarrassment in the disabled role. Findings are discussed in terms of Goffman’s (1963) model of “stigma”, the individualism-collectivism paradigm, and theories of cognitive development.


Author(s):  
Chika YAMAMOTO ◽  
Tatsuo UJIIE ◽  
Katsumi NINOMIYA ◽  
Atsushi IGARASHI ◽  
Hiromitsu INOUE

Author(s):  
Chika Yamamoto ◽  
Tatsuo Ujiie ◽  
Katsumi Ninomiya ◽  
Atsushi Igarashi ◽  
Hiromitsu Inoue

Author(s):  
Katsumi Ninomiya ◽  
Tatsuo Ujiie ◽  
Atsushi Igarashi ◽  
Hiromitsu Inoue ◽  
Chika Yamamoto

Author(s):  
Chika Yamamoto ◽  
Tatsuo Ujiie ◽  
Katsumi Ninomiya ◽  
Atsushi Igarashi ◽  
Hiromitsu Inoue

Author(s):  
Chika YAMAMOTO ◽  
Tatsuo UJIIE ◽  
Katsumi NINOMIYA ◽  
Atsushi IGARASHI ◽  
Hiromitsu INOUE

Author(s):  
Hiromitsu INOUE ◽  
Tatsuo UJIIE ◽  
Katsumi NINOMIYA ◽  
Atsushi IGARASHI ◽  
Chika YAMAMOTO

Author(s):  
Hiromitsu INOUE ◽  
Tatsuo UJIIE ◽  
Katsumi NINOMIYA ◽  
Atsushi IGARASHI ◽  
Chika YAMAMOTO

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.


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